The viscolab 4000 is a small sample viscometer which supports up to 12 different 20. Viscosity is essentially resistance to flow and this has implications for pumps, says soren mortensen. Significant difference between cp cyclophosphamide and all other. What is viscosity, and why is measuring viscosity important. Jet fuels and diesel fuel marine dfm are complex mixtures of hydrocarbons produced by distillation of crude oil. The minimum cetane number is 51 according to en 590. They contain hundreds of hydrocarbons as well as many additives.
Viscosity of aviation fuel and jet fuel viscosity table. An important parameter for the quality of a diesel fuel is the cetane number. In the above study the kinematic viscosity are determined using. The nine samples span the range of fuel types available. Jet fuel, aviation turbine fuel atf, or avtur, is a type of aviation fuel designed for use in aircraft powered by gasturbine engines. Chemistry of the fuel heat causes the oxidation of organics the presence of sulfur and nitrogen hasten degradation corrosion. High viscosity fuel will increase gear train, cam and follower wear on the fuel pump assembly because of the higher injection pressure. As these units are large, it is usual to divide them by 100, to give a smaller unit called centistokes cst, and these are the units used for marine fuel.
Rs485 modbus data link to host system or pc running viscolink power. In addition, the page shows conversion formulas and correlations between centipoises and all other units of measurement of dynamic viscosity. Sample mixtures were prepared in different volumetric percentages of four different additives ethanol, toluene, nheptane and xylene and diesel fuel mixture. Chemistry of the fuel heat causes the oxidation of organics the presence of. Viscosity regulator or viscotherm, is a device used to measure viscosity of the fuel oil before sending it to the engine. Jp jet propellant sind veraltete normen fur flugtreibstoffe. Viscosity of aviation fuel and jet fuel viscosity table and viscosity. Kinematic viscosity table chart of liquids engineers edge. Highdensity renewable diesel and jet fuels prepared from. Check astm d2161 standard practice for conversion of kinematic viscosity to saybolt universal viscosity or to saybolt furol viscosity for more accurate methods. The absolute viscosity can be determined if we know the density as well as the kinematic viscosity of a given fluid. Provide a brief introduction to aviation fuel definitions and characteristics familiarize you with terminology and industry jargon address operational concerns related to fuel inform you of research work and possible future fuels exchange some insight into the energy of flight. Devil is the smallest integrated density and viscosity meter on the market. Thermophysics characterization of kerosene combustion ten.
Wmprocess uses viscosity and density or sg specific gravity to help size the right agitator for the desired process results, and viscosity affects fluid flow and hp draw of the mixer. Kinematic and dynamic viscosity of diesel, biodiesel, and jp. Temperature dependent dynamic absolute viscosity of oil. Improving fuel burning efficiency as part of a maritime measurement system is vital to comply with new regulations, for ensuring engine health and reducing maintenance. Viscosity of aviation fuel and jet fuel viscosity table and. The possibility of environmental legislation banning the use of leaded avgas, and the lack of a replacement fuel with similar performance, has left aircraft designers and pilots organizations searching for alternative engines for use in small aircraft. Unless otherwise noted, viscosity standards are sold in 470 ml 1 pint bottles. Also known as avgas, only for use with piston or wankel engines. Viscosity values chart centipoise centistokes x specific gravity where specific gravity is. Data from shell 1999 were taken from msds number 142012. Temperature for missile fuels 35 figure 15 typical surface tension vs.
This is considerably lower than the 325 cp viscosity for bench test with twice as much tetralin. Fit forpurpose properties density vs t, viscosity vs t, cp vs t, surface tension. Viscosity data showed good reproducibility even at temperatures a few. Density and viscosity of jet fuel can vary based on the source of the crude used to refine the. Reference jet fuels for combustion testing tim edwards1 air force research laboratory, dayton, oh, 45433 this paper provides a summary of the composition and properties of reference jet fuels used in the national jet fuel combustion program. Temperature for missile fuels 39 figure 17 typical distillation curves astm d 86 jet a, jet ai. Pick a table to convert centipoises cp unit of dynamic.
Viscosity data showed good reproducibility even at temperatures a few degrees into the twophase region. Viscosity of diesel fuel viscosity table and viscosity. As far as i aware of the viscosity is not limited by specifications. Fuel oil viscosity explained the need to regulate viscosity. Jet a1, the operational fuel for all turboprop and turbojet aircraft requiring a low freezing point product, is similar to jet a except for a lower freezing point. The actual composition of any given fuel varies depending upon source of the crude oil, refinery processes, and product specifications. Viscosity is the measure of a substances resistance to motion under an applied force.
An experimental study of diesel fuel cloud and pour point. Select a table to convert centipoises centipoises cp of dynamic viscosity conversion tables. The only other jet fuel commonly used in civilian turbineengine powered aviation is jet b, which is used for its enhanced coldweather performance. This study presents data for the kinematic viscosity of. These are three separate samples of jet a, designated 3602, 3638, and 4658. Enquiry about the dynamic and kinematic viscosity of aviation gasoline avgas 100ll.
Viscosity measurements of aviation turbine fuels nist web site. Viscosity of common liquids white mountain process. Values for viscosity, kinematic viscosity, and density at the temperatures listed below are printed on the label. While fuel jf1107 is type jet a, fuel jf1411 is type jet a1. The common unit of absolute viscosity is the poise and centipoise cp see viscosity. Pick a table with which to convert centipoises to any other unit of measurement of dynamic viscosity. Kinematic viscosities of common liquids like motor oil, diesel fuel, peanut oil and many more.
Using the dynamic absolute viscosity converter converter. Scaleup of battelles direct coaltoliquids ctl process. Convert centipoise cp to pascal second pas dynamic. The viscolab 4000 can display viscosity in either centipoise or centistokes, and temperature can be displayed in either c or f. Viscosity is generally an important parameter for diesel fuel.
An experimental study was conducted to investigate the effects of four different additives on pour point and cloud point temperatures of a diesel fuel. Absolute viscosity divided by the fluids density equals kinematic viscosity. Dynamic and kinematic viscosity of aviation gasoline 25362 chemical 25 mar 03 07. Monitoring sulfur and nitrogen in highviscous products.
Kinematic viscosity is denoted in centistokes cst and is measured in mm2s. With the 2020 imo fuel sulphur regulation now live, theres never been a better time to take control of fuel oil viscosity. I did a search for table of viscosity values and this was the second link. Additional data is provided for common alternative jet fuels. The result is typically expressed in centipoise cp, which is the equivalent of 1 mpa s millipascal second. Dynamic and kinematic viscosity of aviation gasoline. For jet a to be eligible for sale, select characteristics of the fuel, such as composition in terms of acidity and aromatic and sulfur content, volatility, and.
This online unit converter allows quick and accurate conversion between many units of measure, from one system to another. In the metric system, the unit of kinematic viscosity is the square centimeter per second or the stoke. The kinematic viscosity of biodiesel and its blends with. The fuels differ in their freeze point specifications 40 c for jet a and 47 c for jet a1. Instead of the contaminationprone injectandhold method. Fuel atomizes less efficiently and the engine will be more difficult to start. Jet fuel characteristicsjet fuel characteristics viscosityviscosity fuel line pressure drop and pumping capabilities low temperatures increase viscosity measuring units are centistokes mm. Liquid viscosity temperature degrees f centipoise3530252015105 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40.
Generally, fuel oil viscosity is regulated between 1015 centistrokes at 50 degree celsius. Results for a tenth sample intended for use in quantifying the total sulfur in fuel oils are also. Acta universitatis agriculturae et silviculturae mendelianae brunensis, 634. Viscosity measurements of aviation turbine fuels energy. Viscosity arising due to internal molecular friction produces the frictional drag effect. Too high viscosity prevents fine enough atomization of the jet fuel consequently, droplet evaporation is not possible. W004a 2 jet fuel characteristicsjet fuel characteristics why this subject. Specific gravity is the heaviness of a substance compared to that of water, and it is expressed without units. Svm 3001 gives you more parameters than any other kinematic viscometer on the market. In general terms, fuel oil is any liquid fuel that is burned in a furnace or boiler for the generation of heat or used in an engine for the generation of power, except oils having a flash point of approximately 42 c 108 f and oils burned.
Kinematic viscosity the ratio of the absolute viscosity of a liquid to its density frequently occurs in the study of viscosity and hydraulics and the term kinematic viscosity with the symbol v has been assigned to it where p is the density. Dusentreibstoff, flugturbinenkraftstoff, leichtol, mitteldestillat, turbinenpetroleum. Chapter 2heating oil and its properties 27 the truck, and to use diverters on the blow or whistle pipes underground fill pipes when filling underground tanks. Kinematic viscosity has been measured for nine separate aviation turbine fuel samples. Jet fuel is very similar to diesel fuel, and in some cases, may be burned in diesel engines.
The formula for measuring viscosity is fairly simple. Therefore typically viscosity of jet a is higher and jet a also shows a steeper increase of viscosity with decreasing temperatures. Viscosity values chart centipoise centistokes x specific gravity where specific gravity is assumed to be 0. For instance, water has a low viscosity of 1 cst at 20c, while motor oil has a high viscosity of more than 500 cst at the same temperature. A single measuring cycle on a small sample volume yields kinematic viscosity, density, dynamic viscosity and more. Viscosity is usually in units of centipoise cps but can be expressed in other industry standard measurements as well. Both russian fuels have lower viscosities than jet a1. Data are available for two different jet fuels and a jet fuel reference standard. Temperature dependence viscosity and density of di. Thermophysics characterization of kerosene combustion tensee. In the metric system specific gravity is the same as in the english system. In particular, they are concerned that biodiesel may exhibit different viscositytemperature characteristics that could result in higher fuel injection pressures at low engine operating temperatures.
Absolute viscosity is the tangential force per unit area of two parallel planes at unit distance apart when the space between them is filled with a fluid and one plane moves with. Fuel oil also known as heavy oil, marine fuel or furnace oil is a fraction obtained from petroleum distillation, either as a distillate or a residue. Fitforpurpose properties density vs t, viscosity vs t, cp vs t, surface tension. Viscosity regulators are used to regulate and maintain the fuel oil viscosity. There are two related measures of fluid viscosity known as dynamic or absolute and kinematic viscosity. Higher cetane numbers are an indicator of better ignitability of the fuel when injected into the cylinder filled with hot compressed air. It is ideal for oem applications, such as being embedded into liquid analyzers or fluid metering systems for oil and gas market fuel, methanol. The sample analyzed by esd was jet a1, collected in the summer of 1998 at the macdonaldcartier.